Shadow Performance in Iran

Abstract This study argues, contrary to some opinions, that shadow performance existed in Iran from at least the tenth twentieth century. Through a textual analysis of newly discovered ancient texts, two plays specifically, this shows how originated Indian subcontinent, was transported historical region now known as Iraq, and then spread Egypt, developing over time through its progression. also looks reasons for decline Iran, including centuries-old Iranian Sufi criticism form establishment Safavid dynasty, which introduced Shiism official religion sixteenth Certain Sufisms considered debaucherous until fifteenth After century, influenced by Turkish Karagöz, theatrical associated with Sunni infidels. Consequently, replaced Muharram mourning rituals, ritualistic forms reflect Shia identity.